Device for a top drive drilling machine for continuous circulation of drilling mud

ABSTRACT

A device for a top drive drilling machine, in which a drive shaft ( 14 ), which is arranged for releasable connection to a drive ( 12 ) and to a first end portion ( 51 ) of a drill pipe ( 5 ), is provided with a centre bore ( 141 ) extending therethrough and arranged for fluid communication between the drilling mud plant ( 6 ) and a fluid bore ( 53 ) in the drill pipe ( 5 ). First and second releasable, drive-shaft-surrounding, respectively drill-string-surrounding, pressure seals ( 1311   c,    1321 ) and a valve ( 133 ) which is arranged to provide, in an open position, a passage ( 1331 ) for the drill pipe ( 5 ) or drive shaft ( 14 ), form a first and a second chamber. A drilling mud inlet ( 1323 ) is arranged for the second chamber ( 132 ) and is arranged for fluid communication between the drilling mud plant ( 6 ) and connection housing ( 13 ). A method for the continuous supply of drilling mud to a drill string ( 4 ) by the use of the drilling machine.

The invention relates to a device for the continuous circulation ofdrilling mud by the use of a top drive drilling machine when drilling inthe underground, in particular in exploration and production drillingfor hydrocarbons. More particularly, the invention relates to a topdrive drilling machine with a disconnectable drive shaft and optionallateral supply of drilling mud to a lower portion of the drillingmachine for the circulation of drilling mud while an upper portion ofthe drilling machine is relieved of fluid pressure for the temporaryremoval of the drive shaft for the connection of a new pipe section tothe drill string.

In drilling, drilling mud is used for, among other things, lubricatingthe drill bit and transporting cuttings out of the borehole. Typically,the drilling mud is pumped down the centre bore of the drill string andreturned in the annulus between the drill string and the boreholewall/casing/riser. According to the prior art, when the drill string isto be extended by a new drill pipe section, the pumping of drilling mudmust be stopped, as the supply line must be disconnected from the top ofthe drill string while the new pipe section is fitted. Such stopping ofthe drilling mud circulation creates a great risk that cuttings willsettle, that is, sink in the static drilling mud, thereby blockingresumed drilling mud circulation and/or causing the drill string to getstuck. Repairing such faults is time-consuming, costly and subjects theequipment to great strain, as the methods used may involve, for example,a short, dramatic increase in the drilling mud pressure.

The invention has for its object to remedy or to reduce at least one ofthe drawbacks of the prior art.

The object is achieved through features which are specified in thedescription below and in the claims that follow.

The invention relates to a device for a top drive drilling machine, inwhich the circulation of drilling mud may run continuously anduninterruptedly, independently of whether drilling is in progress orwhether there is a halt in the drilling operation because the drillstring is to be extended by the addition of a new drill pipe section.The object is achieved by the drilling machine including adisconnectable drive shaft which is arranged to engage the drive of thedrilling machine and a drill string extending through a central bore ofthe drilling machine. The drilling machine includes means for connectingpipes, snubbing and hanging off the drill string, and it is allsurrounded by a pressure-tight, cylinder-shaped connection housing. Theconnection housing includes a lower drill-string-surrounding seal at alower end portion, an upper drive-shaft-surrounding seal and anintermediate ball valve. Drilling mud supply is arranged through thedrive shaft to the centre bore of the drill string section engaged bythe drive shaft, and to a lower portion of the connection housing via alateral supply bore. The supply through the lateral bore is used whenthe drive shaft has been disconnected from the drill string, the ballvalve and the lower seal then isolating a lower connection housingportion, into which the centre bore of the drill string opens. Drillingmud supplied through the lateral bore to the lower connection housingportion will then flow into the drill string, and circulation ofdrilling mud is maintained also when the supply from the top of thedrilling machine has to be stopped for a new pipe section to beconnected.

In a first aspect the invention relates more specifically to a devicefor a top drive drilling machine with an associated drilling mud plant,characterized by the drilling machine including

-   a drive shaft which is arranged for releasable connection to a drive    and to a first end portion of a drill pipe and provided with a    centre bore therethrough, which is arranged for fluid communication    between the drilling mud plant and a fluid bore of the drill pipe;-   a connection housing including a first chamber and a second chamber    and a centre bore therethrough,    -   the first chamber being provided with a releasable,        drive-shaft-surrounding first pressure seal,    -   the second chamber being provided with a releasable,        drill-string-surrounding second pressure seal, and    -   an interface between the first and second chambers being made up        of a valve which is arranged to provide, in an open position, a        passage for the drill pipe or drive shaft; and-   a drilling mud inlet arranged for the second chamber and arranged    for fluid communication between the drilling mud plant and the    connection housing.

The connection housing is advantageously provided with a thrust devicearranged to move the drill pipe in the axial direction against a wellpressure, for connection to the drill string.

Preferably, the valve is a ball valve.

Advantageously, the ball valve includes a seat portion which is arrangedto receive an end portion of the drill pipe.

Preferably, the seat portion is formed on a valve ball surface.

A mechanical connection between the connection housing and the drillpipe is arranged by the thrust device which is provided with severalactuators arranged for axial movement of the drill pipe and at least oneset of gripping means which are arranged to enclose the drill pipeentirely or partially, one or more articulations arranged for theactuators being arranged to provide the axial movement when the firstchamber is subjected to a fluid pressure.

Advantageously, the drive shaft includes a bearing portion which isarranged for releasable engagement with a rotatable power tong.

Preferably, the bearing portion has a polygonal cross-sectional profile.

In a second aspect the invention relates to a method of continuouslysupplying drilling mud by the use of a top drive drilling machine as itis described above, characterized by the method comprising the followingsteps:

-   a) establishing a borehole with a drill string and a circulation    circuit for the drilling mud, a drive shaft arranged for the    drilling machine being connected to the drilling mud plant and drill    string, and the drilling mud being supplied to the borehole through    a centre bore in the drive shaft arranged for fluid communication    with the drill string;-   b) activating a first pressure seal around the drive shaft in a    first chamber of a connection housing, and forming a second pressure    seal around the drill string in a second chamber of the connection    housing;-   c) supplying drilling mud to the second chamber through a drilling    mud inlet;-   d) stopping the drill string rotation and disconnecting the drive    shaft from the drill string;-   e) pulling the drive shaft out of the second chamber;-   f) closing, in a pressure-sealing manner, a valve forming an    interface between the first and second chambers;-   g) stopping the supply of drilling mud through the drive shaft;-   h) pulling the drive shaft out of the first chamber;-   i) connecting a drill pipe to the drive shaft;-   j) inserting the drill pipe and drive shaft into the upper chamber;-   k) activating the first pressure seal;-   l) opening the valve;-   m) stopping the supply of drilling mud through the drilling mud    inlet;-   n) connecting the drill pipe to drill string;-   o) resuming the drill string rotation; and-   p) repeating the steps b-o whenever there is a need to extend the    drill string.

In what follows, an example of a preferred embodiment is described,which is visualized in the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 shows in perspective a top drive drilling machine according tothe invention;

FIG. 2 shows, on a larger scale, a perspective section of the drillingmachine, the drive shaft being about to be engaged in the drive;

FIG. 3 shows a principle drawing in a partially cutaway side view, inwhich the drive shaft is connected to the drive and the drill string,the supply of drilling mud running through the drive shaft and thesecond pressure seal being activated;

FIG. 4 corresponds to that shown in FIG. 3, but the drive shaft has beenpulled out and connected to a drill pipe which is to be fitted into thedrill string, and the valve and second pressure seal are activated andthe drilling mud supply is running through the lateral inlet;

FIG. 5 shows the drill pipe having partially been inserted into thedrilling machine and resting on the valve, the valve being closed andthe second pressure seal having been activated and the drilling mudsupply running through the lateral inlet;

FIG. 6 shows the pipe section partially inserted into the drillingmachine and lifted clear of the closed valve, the first and secondpressure seals being activated and the drilling mud supply runningthrough the lateral inlet and though the drive shaft; and

FIG. 7 shows the pipe section passed through the opened valve forconnection to the drill string, the first and second pressure sealsbeing activated and the drilling mud supply running through the driveshaft.

In FIG. 3 substantially all components are identified by their referencenumerals, whereas in FIGS. 4-7, for reasons of exposition, only thecomponents essential for understanding the principles, according towhich the drilling machine of the invention is working, are indicated byreference numerals.

A top drive drilling machine 1 is arranged for connection to a hoistingdevice of a kind known per se, arranged above a drill floor (not shown),including for example several wires 21 and pulley blocks 22 andconnected to the drilling machine 1 by means of several lifting yokes23. The drilling machine 1 is provided with a maneuverable so-calledelevator 3 (for reasons of exposition, shown only in FIG. 1) of a kindknown per se, for releasably holding a drill string 4 and connected tothe drilling machine 1 hanging from elevator bails 31 which can swingthe elevator 3 in a direction towards and away from the drill string 4by means of an elevator manipulator 32.

The drilling machine 1 is provided with a framework 11, a drive 12 forthe rotation of the drill string 4, and a connection housing 13. Thedrilling machine 1 is connected via flexible fluid lines 61, 62 to adrilling mud plant 6 known per se (shown schematically and for reasonsof exposition only in FIG. 3), including a drilling mud reservoir, oneor more pumps, pressure and flow rate control devices, necessary pipesand hoses etc. For the drilling mud plant 6 valves 63 are arranged forcontrolled directing the drilling mud flow into one or more optionaldrilling mud inlets on the drilling machine 1. The drilling mud inletswill be described in further detail in what follows.

A disconnectable drive shaft 14 is provided with a centre bore 141extending through it and is connected, in a fluid-communicating manner,to a swivel 142 which is provided with associated rotary bearings andseals (not shown) to allow the rotation of the stem 143 of the driveshaft 14, whereas an inlet portion 144 including a first drilling mudinlet 1441 remains stationary. At an end adjacent to the swivel 142 thestem 143 of the drive shaft 14 is provided with a toothed connectionportion 145 which is arranged to engage, in a releasable manner, a drivebushing 121 which is supported in the framework 11 and connected viadriving wheels 122 to two motors 123. The drive bushing 121 is providedwith a centric recess which is complementary to the connection portion145. The end of the drive shaft 14 opposite the swivel 142 is providedwith a threaded portion 146 arranged for releasable connection to thefirst end portion 51 of a drill pipe 5. The drill pipe 5 and thereby thedrill string 4 are provided with fluid bore 53 and 43, respectively, ina manner known per se.

The drive shaft 14 is further provided with a hoist attachment 147 forconnection to an appropriate hoisting device, for example the liftinghook of a crane (not shown).

The drilling mud inlet 1441 of the drive shaft 14 is connected in afluid-communicating manner with the drilling mud plant 6 via a firstflexible fluid line 61 and a first valve 63.

The connection housing 13 is cylindrically shaped and provided with afirst chamber 131 and a second chamber 132 which are fluid-sealinglyseparated from each other by means of a valve formed as a ball valve 133arranged in a partition wall 135. The ball valve 133 is provided with acentre bore 1331 which coincides with the centre line of the connectionhousing 13. A seat 1332 arranged for supportingly receiving the secondend portion 52 of the drill pipe 5 is arranged perpendicularly to thecentre bore 1331 and the rotary axis of the valve 133.

The first chamber 131 includes a snubbing unit 1311, that is, anactuator-operated thrust device arranged to force the drill pipe 5against a well pressure, to which the drill pipe is exposed through theopen end 41 of the drill string 4 in connection with the joining of thedrill pipe 5 and drill string 4. The snubbing unit 1311 is provided witha mandrel 1311 a formed with a centre bore. Several actuator-operatedslips 1311 b surround a portion of the centre bore and are arranged togrip the drill pipe 5. Further, the mandrel 1311 a includes anactuator-operated first pressure seal 1311 c which is arranged to fitpressure-sealingly around the drill pipe 5 or stem 143 of the driveshaft 14.

The snubbing mandrel 1311 a is rotatably supported in a snubbing frame1311 d. The snubbing frame 1311 d is connected to several actuators 1311e, preferably double-acting hydraulic cylinders which are arranged tomove the snubbing unit 1311 in the axial direction of the drill pipe 5.The connection between the snubbing frame 1311 d and actuators 1311 e isarticulations 1311 f with oblong grooves allowing a certain axialmovement between the snubbing frame 1311 d and actuators 1311 e.

The snubbing frame 1311 d is provided with a sealing element 1311 gfitting pressure-sealingly against the internal wall surface 134 of theconnection housing 13. A supporting element 1311 h of the snubbingmandrel 1311 a also forms a pressure-tight connection with the snubbingframe 1311 d. Thereby, the part of the first chamber 131 facing thevalve 133 is pressure-sealingly bounded in relation to the part of thefirst chamber 131 facing the drive 12.

Opposite the valve 133, the second chamber 132 is provided with a driveshaft opening 136 concentric with the centre axis of the connectionhousing 13. A second pressure seal 1321 is arranged concentrically inthe centre bore and is arranged to fit, by actuator operation,pressure-sealingly around a portion of the drill string 4. In the centrebore, between the drive shaft opening 136 and the second pressure seal1321, is arranged an actuator-operated clamping device 1322 which isarranged to grip the drill string and bear supportingly on a collar 41at the protruding end portion of the drill string 4.

A second drilling mud inlet 1323 is arranged in the connection housing13 and is fluid-communicatingly connected to the second chamber 132. Thesecond drilling mud inlet 1323 is fluid-communicatingly connected to thedrilling mud plant 6 (see FIG. 3) via a second flexible fluid line 62.

For the drilling machine 1 there is arranged a rotatable power tong (notshown) according to a technique known per se, for the make-up andbreak-out of the drill string 5. The power tong may be integrated in thedrilling machine but is not part of the invention.

In the drawings 4-7, for reasons of exposition, the drilling mud plant 6is not shown but pressurized drilling mud inlets 1323, 1441 areindicated by an arrow.

In ordinary operation the drive shaft 14 is connected to the drive 12,drill string 4 and drilling mud plant 6, the drive 12 rotating the driveshaft 14 and drill string 4, and drilling mud is supplied to the drillstring 4 through the drive shaft 14. The first and second pressure seals1311 c, 1321 are open, and the valve 133 is open. The drilling machine 1is lowered in accordance with the progress of the drilling.

When a new drill pipe 5 needs to be fitted in the drill string 4, thepressure seals 1311 c, 1321 are closed. The circulation of drilling mudcontinues through the drive shaft 14, and the second drilling mud inlet1323 is placed under pressure. The drive shaft 14 is disconnected fromthe drill string 4 and pulled up through the valve 133 which is thenclosed. Thereby, the second chamber 132 is pressure-tight opposite thefirst chamber 131 and the drilling mud circulation through the driveshaft 14 is stopped. The first pressure seal 1311 c is opened, and thedrive shaft 14 is lifted up by the drilling machine 1. The drilling mudcirculation is maintained through the second drilling mud inlet 1323.

The drive shaft 14 and the new drill pipe 5 are connected and loweredinto the drilling machine 1 until the lower end of the drill pipe 5rests on the seat 1332 of the valve 133. The slips 1311 b of thesnubbing unit 1311 grip the drill pipe 5. The first pressure seal 1311 cis closed and the drilling mud circulation through the drive shaft 14 isrestored. The lower part of the first chamber 131 is pressurized, andthe drilling mud pressure provides for the snubbing frame 1311 d to liftby an amount corresponding to the travel of the articulations 1311 f inthe oblong grooves. The pressure within the first and second chambers131, 132 is balanced, and the drill pipe 5 is clear of the valve 133which may then be opened. The drive shaft 14 and drill pipe 5 arelowered to the open end of the drill string by the snubbing unit 1311being moved downwards, and the joining of the drill pipe 5 into thedrill string 4 may take place in a manner known per se by the drill pipe5 being rotated and lowered in a synchronized movement while the drillstring 4 is held fixed.

As the drill pipe 5 is joined to the drill string 4, the upper end ofthe drill string 4 is closed, and the drilling mud supply through thesecond drilling mud inlet 1323 ceases and is subsequently maintainedthrough the drive shaft 14. After the supply to the second drilling mudinlet 1323 has been closed, the pressure seals 1311 c, 1321 can beopened and the drilling machine 1 lifted for engagement of the driveshaft 14 with the drive 12, so that the drill string may be set intorotation for further drilling.

Through the operations described above the object of the invention hasbeen achieved, as continuous drilling mud supply to the drill string ismaintained during the entire process of lengthening the drill string.

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 10. A top drivedrilling machine connected to a drilling mud plant in order to enablecontinuous circulation of drilling mud during drilling operations, saiddrilling machine comprising: a self contained and releasable drive shaftassembly which is arranged for both driven insertion into and retrievalfrom a drilling machine drive and connectable to a first end portion ofa drill pipe, said drive shaft assembly is provided with a centre boreextending therethrough,said center bore is arranged for fluidcommunication between the drilling mud plant and a fluid bore of thedrill pipe; a connection housing including a first chamber and a secondchamber, said housing is integrated to the drilling machine; the firstchamber being provided with a releasable, drive-shaft/pipe-surroundingfirst pressure seal; the second chamber being provided with areleasable, drill-string-surrounding second pressure seal; and aninterface between the first and second chambers being made up of a valvewhich is arranged to provide, in an open position, a passage for thedrill pipe or drive shaft; and a drilling mud inlet arranged for thesecond chamber and arranged for fluid communication between the drillingmud plant and the connection housing.
 11. The device in accordance withclaim 10, said connection housing further comprising a snubbing unitarranged to move the drill pipe in an axial direction against a wellpressure for connection to the drill string.
 12. The device inaccordance with claim 10, said valve comprising a ball valve.
 13. Thedevice in accordance with claim 10, said valve comprising a seat portionarranged to receive an end portion of the drill pipe.
 14. The device inaccordance with claim 13, further comprising said seat portion is formedon a valve ball surface.
 15. The device in accordance with claim 11,further comprising a mechanical connection between the connectionhousing and drill pipe is arranged by the thrust device which isprovided with several actuators arranged for axial movement of the drillpipe, and at least one set of gripping means which are arranged tosurround the drill pipe at least partially, at least one articulationarranged for the actuators being arranged to provide the axial movementwhen a fluid pressure is applied to the first chamber.
 16. The device inaccordance with claim 10, said drive shaft comprising a bearing portionwhich is arranged to releasably engage a rotatable power tong.
 17. Thedevice in accordance with claim 10, further comprising a bearing portionwith a polygonal cross-sectional profile.
 18. A method of continuouslysupplying drilling mud by the use of a top drive drilling machine saidmethod comprising the following steps: establishing a borehole with adrill string and a circulation circuit for the drilling mud, a driveshaft arranged for the drilling machine being connected to the drillingmud plant and drill string, and the drilling mud being supplied to theborehole through a centre bore in the drive shaft arranged for fluidcommunication with the drill string; activating a first pressure sealaround the drive shaft in a first chamber of a connection housing, andforming a second pressure seal around the drill string in a secondchamber in the connection housing; supplying drilling mud to the secondchamber through a drilling mud inlet; stopping the drill string rotationand disconnecting the drive shaft from the drill string; pulling thedrive shaft out of the second chamber; closing, in a pressure-sealingmanner, a valve forming an interface between the first and the secondchambers; stopping the supply of drilling mud through the drive shaft;pulling the drive shaft out of the first chamber; connecting a drillpipe to the drive shaft; inserting the drill pipe and drive shaft intothe upper chamber; activating the first pressure seal; opening thevalve; stopping the supply of drilling mud through the drilling mudinlet; connecting the drill pipe to the drill string; and resuming thedrill string rotation.